While working with configuration files in Linux, sometimes you need to append text such as configuration parameters to an existing file. To append simply means to add text to the end or bottom of a file.

In this short article, you will learn different ways to append text to the end of a file in Linux.

Append Text Using >> Operator

The >> operator redirects output to a file, if the file doesn’t exist, it is created but if it exists, the output will be appended at the end of the file.

For example, you can use the echo command to append the text to the end of the file as shown.

$ echo "This is some example text to add to file exports" >> /etc/exports
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Alternatively, you can use the printf command (do not forget to use \n character to add the next line).

$ printf "This is some example text to add to file exports\n" >> /etc/exports
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

You can also use the cat command to concatenate text from one or more files and append it to another file.

In the following example, the additional file system shares to be appended in the /etc/exports configuration file are added in a text file called shares.txt.

$ cat /etc/exports
$ cat shares.txt
$ cat shares.txt >>  /etc/exports
$ cat /etc/exports
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Besides, you can also use the following here document to append the configuration text to the end of the file as shown.

$ cat /etc/exports
$ cat >>/etc/exports<s<EOF
> This is some example text to add to file exports
> This is some example text to add to file exports 2
> EOF
$ cat /etc/exports
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Attention: Do not mistake the > redirection operator for >>; using > with an existing file will delete the contents of that file and then overwrites it. This may result in data loss.

Append Text Using tee Command

The tee command copies text from standard input and pastes/writes it to standard output and files. You can use its -a flag to append text to the end of a file as shown.

$ echo "This is some example text to add to file exports" | tee -a /etc/exports
OR
$ cat shares.txt | tee -a /etc/exports
Code language: PHP (php)

You can also use a here document with the tee command.

$ cat <<EOF | tee -a /etc/exports
>This is some example text to add to file exports
>This is some example text to add to file exports 2
EOF

Conclusion

That’s it! You have learned how to append text to the end of a file in Linux. We hope you enjoyed this article. if that is so please rate this page with the stars bellow and subscribe to our YouTube channel or follow us on twiter.

• Another article that you can be interested in is 10 Very Stupid Linux Commands [ Some Of Them Deadly ]
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